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    <li class="nav-header no-margin-top">
      <div class="ttip" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="The date that this version of File-Find-Closures was released.">
      <span class="relatize">10 Jan 2024 16:34:01 UTC</span>
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  <li>
    Distribution: <a href="https://metacpan.org/dist/File-Find-Closures">File-Find-Closures</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    Module version: 1.116
  </li>
  <li>
    <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g s" href="https://metacpan.org/dist/File-Find-Closures/source/lib/File/Find/Closures.pm">Source</a>
    (<a href="https://metacpan.org/dist/File-Find-Closures/source/lib/File/Find/Closures.pm?raw=1">raw</a>)
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    <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g b" href="https://metacpan.org/dist/File-Find-Closures/source/lib/File/Find">Browse</a>
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        <a rel="noopener nofollow" data-keyboard-shortcut="g r" href="https://github.com/briandfoy/file-find-closures">Repository</a>
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      <a rel="noopener nofollow" data-keyboard-shortcut="g i" href="https://github.com/briandfoy/file-find-closures/issues">Issues</a>
      (0)
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    <li>
      <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://matrix.cpantesters.org/?dist=File-Find-Closures+1.116" title="Matrix">Testers</a>
        <span title="(pass / fail / na)">(<a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/F/File-Find-Closures.html?oncpan=1&amp;distmat=1&amp;version=1.116&amp;grade=2" style="color: #090">335</a> / <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/F/File-Find-Closures.html?oncpan=1&amp;distmat=1&amp;version=1.116&amp;grade=3" style="color: #900">0</a> / <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/F/File-Find-Closures.html?oncpan=1&amp;distmat=1&amp;version=1.116&amp;grade=4">0</a>)</span>
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    <li>
      <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://cpants.cpanauthors.org/release/BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.116">Kwalitee</a>
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    <li>
      <div class="ttip" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="The # people with an indexing permission on File-Find-Closures who have released something to CPAN in the last 2 years (i.e. the # people likely able to release critical fixes in a timely manner)">
      Bus factor: 1
      </div>
    </li>
    <li>
      License: artistic_2
    </li>
    <li>
      Perl: v5.8.0
    </li>
    <li class="nav-header">Activity</li>
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<div class="activity-graph">
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    <div class="comment">24 month</div>
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      <a itemprop="downloadUrl" href="https://cpan.metacpan.org/authors/id/B/BD/BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.116.tar.gz">
      Download (<span itemprop="fileSize">14.79KB</span>)</a>
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      <a href="https://explorer.metacpan.org/?url=%2Fmodule%2FBDFOY%2FFile-Find-Closures-1.116%2Flib%2FFile%2FFind%2FClosures.pm">
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<select onchange="document.location.href=&#39;/release/&#39;+this.value+&#39;/view/lib/File/Find/Closures.pm&#39;" class="form-control tool-bar-form">
  <option disabled selected>Jump to version</option>
<option
  disabled
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.116"
>1.116
  (BDFOY on 2024-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.113"
>1.113
  (BDFOY on 2021-02-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.112"
>1.112
  (BDFOY on 2018-03-23)</option>
<optgroup label="BackPAN">'
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.112_101"
>1.112_101 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2021-01-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.112_04"
>1.112_04 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2018-03-30)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.112_03"
>1.112_03 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2018-03-29)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.112_02"
>1.112_02 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2018-03-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.112_01"
>1.112_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2018-03-25)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.111"
>1.111
  (BDFOY on 2018-03-22)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.11"
>1.11
  (BDFOY on 2014-12-25)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.10_01"
>1.10_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2014-12-24)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.10"
>1.10
  (BDFOY on 2014-01-03)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.09"
>1.09
  (BDFOY on 2008-10-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.08"
>1.08
  (BDFOY on 2008-09-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.07"
>1.07
  (BDFOY on 2007-11-09)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.06"
>1.06
  (BDFOY on 2007-01-13)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.05"
>1.05
  (BDFOY on 2007-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-0.10_03"
>0.10_03 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2005-01-26)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-0.010_01"
>0.010_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2004-09-30)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-0.001_01"
>0.001_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2004-09-28)</option>
</optgroup>
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    <li class="version-diff">
<select onchange="document.location.href='/release/BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.116/diff/' + encodeURIComponent(this.value) + '/lib/File/Find/Closures.pm'
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  <option disabled selected>Diff with version</option>
<option
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  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.116"
>1.116
  (BDFOY on 2024-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.113"
>1.113
  (BDFOY on 2021-02-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.112"
>1.112
  (BDFOY on 2018-03-23)</option>
<optgroup label="BackPAN">'
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.112_101"
>1.112_101 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2021-01-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.112_04"
>1.112_04 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2018-03-30)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.112_03"
>1.112_03 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2018-03-29)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.112_02"
>1.112_02 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2018-03-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.112_01"
>1.112_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2018-03-25)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.111"
>1.111
  (BDFOY on 2018-03-22)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.11"
>1.11
  (BDFOY on 2014-12-25)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.10_01"
>1.10_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2014-12-24)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.10"
>1.10
  (BDFOY on 2014-01-03)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.09"
>1.09
  (BDFOY on 2008-10-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.08"
>1.08
  (BDFOY on 2008-09-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.07"
>1.07
  (BDFOY on 2007-11-09)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.06"
>1.06
  (BDFOY on 2007-01-13)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.05"
>1.05
  (BDFOY on 2007-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-0.10_03"
>0.10_03 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2005-01-26)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-0.010_01"
>0.010_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2004-09-30)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-0.001_01"
>0.001_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2004-09-28)</option>
</optgroup>
</select>
    </li>

    <li>
<ul class="dependencies">
  <li class="nav-header">Dependencies</li>
  <li><a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/File::Find" title="File::Find" class="ellipsis">File::Find</a></li>
  <li><a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/File::Spec::Functions" title="File::Spec::Functions" class="ellipsis">File::Spec::Functions</a></li>
  <li><i class="ttip" title="dynamic_config enabled">and possibly others</i></li>
  <li>
    <hr>
  </li>
  <li>
    <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/File::Find::Closures/requires">Reverse dependencies</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    <a href="http://deps.cpantesters.org/?module=File%3A%3AFind%3A%3AClosures">CPAN Testers List</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    <a href="https://cpandeps.grinnz.com/?dist=File-Find-Closures">Dependency graph</a>
  </li>
</ul>
    </li>
    <li class="nav-header">Permalinks</li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://metacpan.org/release/BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.116/view/lib/File/Find/Closures.pm">This version</a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a href="./File::Find::Closures.html">Latest version</a>
    </li>
    <li>
<div class="plussers">
<div class="nav-header">++ed by:</div>
<div>
<a class="display-all" href="https://metacpan.org/author/BEROV"><img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/eae0eb4092a9f63426c13408e343b803?d=identicon&amp;s=20" title="BEROV" alt="BEROV"></a>
</div>
<!-- Display counts of plussers-->
<div>
    <a href="https://metacpan.org/dist/File-Find-Closures/plussers">1 PAUSE user</a>
</div>
<div>
    1 non-PAUSE user
</div>
</div>
    </li>
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  <span>
    <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g a" rel="author" href="https://metacpan.org/author/BDFOY" class="author-name">brian d foy</a>
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  <span>&nbsp;/&nbsp;</span>
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<option
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  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.116"
>1.116
  (BDFOY on 2024-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.113"
>1.113
  (BDFOY on 2021-02-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.112"
>1.112
  (BDFOY on 2018-03-23)</option>
<optgroup label="BackPAN">'
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.112_101"
>1.112_101 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2021-01-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.112_04"
>1.112_04 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2018-03-30)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.112_03"
>1.112_03 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2018-03-29)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.112_02"
>1.112_02 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2018-03-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.112_01"
>1.112_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2018-03-25)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.111"
>1.111
  (BDFOY on 2018-03-22)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.11"
>1.11
  (BDFOY on 2014-12-25)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.10_01"
>1.10_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2014-12-24)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.10"
>1.10
  (BDFOY on 2014-01-03)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.09"
>1.09
  (BDFOY on 2008-10-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.08"
>1.08
  (BDFOY on 2008-09-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.07"
>1.07
  (BDFOY on 2007-11-09)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.06"
>1.06
  (BDFOY on 2007-01-13)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-1.05"
>1.05
  (BDFOY on 2007-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/File-Find-Closures-0.10_03"
>0.10_03 DEV
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<ul>
  <li><a href="./File::Find::Closures.html#NAME">NAME</a></li>
  <li><a href="./File::Find::Closures.html#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
  <li><a href="./File::Find::Closures.html#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
    <ul>
      <li><a href="./File::Find::Closures.html#The-closure-factories">The closure factories</a></li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li><a href="./File::Find::Closures.html#ADD-A-CLOSURE">ADD A CLOSURE</a></li>
  <li><a href="./File::Find::Closures.html#TO-DO">TO DO</a></li>
  <li><a href="./File::Find::Closures.html#SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
  <li><a href="./File::Find::Closures.html#SOURCE-AVAILABILITY">SOURCE AVAILABILITY</a></li>
  <li><a href="./File::Find::Closures.html#AUTHOR">AUTHOR</a></li>
  <li><a href="./File::Find::Closures.html#COPYRIGHT-AND-LICENSE">COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE</a></li>
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<div class="pod anchors">
<h1 id="NAME">NAME</h1>

<p>File::Find::Closures - functions you can use with File::Find</p>

<h1 id="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</h1>

<pre><code>        use File::Find;
        use File::Find::Closures qw(:all);

        my( $wanted, $list_reporter ) = find_by_name( qw(README) );

        File::Find::find( $wanted, @directories );
        File::Find::find( { wanted =&gt; $wanted, ... }, @directories );

        my @readmes = $list_reporter-&gt;();</code></pre>

<h1 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h1>

<p>I wrote this module as an example of both using closures and using <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/File::Find">File::Find</a>. Students are always asking me what closures are good for, and here&#39;s some examples. The functions mostly stand alone (i.e. they don&#39;t need the rest of the module), so rather than creating a dependency in your code, just lift the parts you want).</p>

<p>When I use <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/File::Find">File::Find</a>, I have two headaches&mdash;coming up with the <code>\&amp;wanted function</code> to pass to <code>find()</code>, and acculumating the files.</p>

<p>This module provides the <code>\&amp;wanted</code> functions as a closures that I can pass directly to <code>find()</code>. Actually, for each pre-made closure, I provide a closure to access the list of files too, so I don&#39;t have to create a new array to hold the results.</p>

<p>The filenames are the full path to the file as reported by <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/File::Find">File::Find</a>.</p>

<p>Unless otherwise noted, the reporter closure returns a list of the filenames in list context and an anonymous array that is a copy (not a reference) of the original list. The filenames have been normalized by <code>File::Spec::canonfile</code> unless otherwise noted. The list of files has been processed by <code>File::Spec::no_upwards</code> so that &quot;.&quot; and &quot;..&quot; (or their equivalents) do not show up in the list.</p>

<h2 id="The-closure-factories"><a id="The"></a>The closure factories</h2>

<p>Each factory returns two closures. The first one is for <code>find()</code>, and the second one is the reporter.</p>

<dl>

<dt id="find_by_created_after(-EPOCH_TIME-);"><a id="find_by_created_after"></a><a id="find_by_created_after--EPOCH_TIME"></a>find_by_created_after( EPOCH_TIME );</dt>
<dd>

<p>Find files created after EPOCH_TIME, which is in seconds since the local epoch (I may need to adjust this for some operating systems).</p>

</dd>
<dt id="find_by_created_before(-EPOCH_TIME-);"><a id="find_by_created_before"></a><a id="find_by_created_before--EPOCH_TIME"></a>find_by_created_before( EPOCH_TIME );</dt>
<dd>

<p>Find files created before EPOCH_TIME, which is in seconds since the local epoch (I may need to adjust this for some operating systems).</p>

</dd>
<dt id="find_by_directory_contains(-@names-);"><a id="find_by_directory_contains"></a><a id="find_by_directory_contains---names"></a>find_by_directory_contains( @names );</dt>
<dd>

<p>Find directories which contain files with the same name as any of the values in <code>@names</code>.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="find_by_executable();"><a id="find_by_executable"></a>find_by_executable();</dt>
<dd>

<p>Find files that are executable. This may not work on some operating systems (like Windows) unless someone can provide me with an alternate version.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="find_by_extension(-EXTENSIONS-)"><a id="find_by_extension"></a><a id="find_by_extension--EXTENSIONS"></a>find_by_extension( EXTENSIONS )</dt>
<dd>

<p>This function removes any leading <code>.</code> from each value in EXTENSIONS, so these are the same:</p>

<pre><code>        my( $finder, $reporter ) = find_by_extension( &#39;t&#39; );
        my( $finder, $reporter ) = find_by_extension( &#39;.t&#39; );</code></pre>

<p>Internal dots are left alone:</p>

<pre><code>        my( $finder, $reporter ) = find_by_extension( &#39;tar.gz&#39; );</code></pre>

</dd>
<dt id="find_by_group(-GROUP_NAME-|-GROUP_GID-);"><a id="find_by_group"></a><a id="find_by_group--GROUP_NAME---GROUP_GID"></a>find_by_group( GROUP_NAME | GROUP_GID );</dt>
<dd>

<p>Find files that are owned by the owner with the name GROUP_NAME. You can also use the group&#39;s GID.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="find_by_max_size(-SIZE-);"><a id="find_by_max_size"></a><a id="find_by_max_size--SIZE"></a>find_by_max_size( SIZE );</dt>
<dd>

<p>Find files whose size is equal to or less than SIZE bytes.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="find_by_min_size(-SIZE-);"><a id="find_by_min_size"></a><a id="find_by_min_size--SIZE"></a>find_by_min_size( SIZE );</dt>
<dd>

<p>Find files whose size is equal to or greater than SIZE bytes.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="find_by_modified_after(-EPOCH_TIME-);"><a id="find_by_modified_after"></a><a id="find_by_modified_after--EPOCH_TIME"></a>find_by_modified_after( EPOCH_TIME );</dt>
<dd>

<p>Find files modified after EPOCH_TIME, which is in seconds since the local epoch (I may need to adjust this for some operating systems).</p>

</dd>
<dt id="find_by_modified_before(-EPOCH_TIME-);"><a id="find_by_modified_before"></a><a id="find_by_modified_before--EPOCH_TIME"></a>find_by_modified_before( EPOCH_TIME );</dt>
<dd>

<p>Find files modified before EPOCH_TIME, which is in seconds since the local epoch (I may need to adjust this for some operating systems).</p>

</dd>
<dt id="find_by_name(-@names-);"><a id="find_by_name"></a><a id="find_by_name---names"></a>find_by_name( @names );</dt>
<dd>

<p>Find files with the names in <code>@names</code>. The result is the name returned by <code>$File::Find::name normalized</code> by <code>File::Spec::canonfile()</code>.</p>

<p>In list context, it returns the list of files. In scalar context, it returns an anonymous array.</p>

<p>This function does not use <code>no_updirs</code>, so if you ask for &quot;.&quot; or &quot;..&quot;, that&#39;s what you get.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="find_by_owner(-OWNER_NAME-|-OWNER_UID-);"><a id="find_by_owner"></a><a id="find_by_owner--OWNER_NAME---OWNER_UID"></a>find_by_owner( OWNER_NAME | OWNER_UID );</dt>
<dd>

<p>Find files that are owned by the owner with the name OWNER_NAME. You can also use the owner&#39;s UID.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="find_by_regex(-REGEX-);"><a id="find_by_regex"></a><a id="find_by_regex--REGEX"></a>find_by_regex( REGEX );</dt>
<dd>

<p>Find files whose name match REGEX.</p>

<p>This function does not use no_updirs, so if you ask for &quot;.&quot; or &quot;..&quot;, that&#39;s what you get.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="find_regular_files();"><a id="find_regular_files"></a>find_regular_files();</dt>
<dd>

<p>Find all regular files.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="find_by_umask(-UMASK-);"><a id="find_by_umask"></a><a id="find_by_umask--UMASK"></a>find_by_umask( UMASK );</dt>
<dd>

<p>Find files that fit the umask UMASK. The files will not have those permissions.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="find_by_zero_size();"><a id="find_by_zero_size"></a>find_by_zero_size();</dt>
<dd>

<p>Find files whose size is equal to 0 bytes.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="find_by_writeable();"><a id="find_by_writeable"></a>find_by_writeable();</dt>
<dd>

<p>Find files that are writable. This may not work on some operating systems (like Windows) unless someone can provide me with an alternate version.</p>

</dd>
</dl>

<h1 id="ADD-A-CLOSURE"><a id="ADD"></a>ADD A CLOSURE</h1>

<p>I want to add as many of these little functions as I can, so please send me ones that you create!</p>

<p>You can follow the examples in the source code, but here is how you should write your closures.</p>

<p>You need to provide both closures. Start of with the basic subroutine stub to do this. Create a lexical array in the scope of the subroutine. The two closures will share this variable. Create two closures: one of give to <code>find()</code> and one to access the lexical array.</p>

<pre><code>        sub find_by_foo {
                my @args = @_;

                my @found = ();

                my $finder   = sub { push @found, $File::Find::name if ... };
                my $reporter = sub { @found };

                return( $finder, $reporter );
                }</code></pre>

<p>The filename should be the full path to the file that you get from <code>$File::Find::name</code>, unless you are doing something wierd, like <code>find_by_directory_contains()</code>.</p>

<p>Once you have something, send it to me at <code>&lt;bdfoy@cpan.org&gt;</code>. You must release your code under the Perl Artistic License.</p>

<h1 id="TO-DO"><a id="TO"></a>TO DO</h1>

<p>* more functions!</p>

<p>* need input on how things like mod times work on other operating systems</p>

<h1 id="SEE-ALSO"><a id="SEE"></a>SEE ALSO</h1>

<p><a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/File::Find">File::Find</a></p>

<p>Randal Schwartz&#39;s <a href="./File::Finder.html">File::Finder</a>, which does the same task but differently.</p>

<h1 id="SOURCE-AVAILABILITY"><a id="SOURCE"></a>SOURCE AVAILABILITY</h1>

<p>This module is in Github:</p>

<pre><code>        https://github.com/briandfoy/file-find-closures.git</code></pre>

<h1 id="AUTHOR">AUTHOR</h1>

<p>brian d foy, <code>&lt;bdfoy@cpan.org&gt;</code></p>

<p>Some functions implemented by Nathan Wagner, <code>&lt;nw@hydaspes.if.org&gt;</code></p>

<h1 id="COPYRIGHT-AND-LICENSE"><a id="COPYRIGHT"></a>COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE</h1>

<p>Copyright &copy; 2004-2024, brian d foy &lt;bdfoy@cpan.org&gt;. All rights reserved.</p>

<p>You may redistribute this under the same terms as the Artistic License 2.0.</p></div>

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